9+ Pueblo Property Tax Rates & Appeals 2024


9+ Pueblo Property Tax Rates & Appeals 2024

The levy imposed on actual property inside the metropolis of Pueblo, Colorado, funds important municipal companies resembling public security, infrastructure upkeep, and neighborhood packages. For instance, these funds contribute to the operation of fireplace and police departments, the maintenance of roads and parks, and the funding of libraries and leisure amenities. The speed is set yearly based mostly on the town’s budgetary wants and assessed property values.

Steady and predictable income streams for native governments are essential for efficient city planning and repair supply. This income supply permits Pueblo to spend money on its future, attracting companies and residents alike. Traditionally, such levies have been a cornerstone of municipal finance, enabling cities to develop and prosper whereas offering important companies to their residents. The system goals to distribute the monetary burden equitably amongst property homeowners, contributing to a thriving and well-maintained neighborhood.

This exploration will delve deeper into the particular mechanics of evaluation, cost processes, and potential exemptions, offering householders and potential residents with a complete understanding of this very important side of proudly owning property in Pueblo. Additional sections will deal with steadily requested questions and supply sources for navigating the system successfully.

1. Evaluation Course of

The evaluation course of types the muse of Pueblo property tax calculation. Carried out by the Pueblo County Assessor’s Workplace, this course of determines the assessed worth of a property, a vital think about calculating the tax owed. This assessed worth represents a proportion of the property’s market worth, established via varied appraisal strategies contemplating components resembling location, measurement, situation, and comparable gross sales knowledge. For instance, a property with latest renovations and located in a fascinating neighborhood would possibly obtain a better evaluation in comparison with a similar-sized property in a much less sought-after space requiring repairs. This valuation immediately impacts the tax burden; a better assessed worth ends in a better tax legal responsibility, whereas a decrease assessed worth results in a decrease tax. Understanding this relationship gives property homeowners with readability concerning the components influencing their tax obligations.

The evaluation course of entails periodic critiques to mirror altering market circumstances and property enhancements. These reassessments be certain that property values stay present and precisely mirror market fluctuations, impacting subsequent tax calculations. Contemplate a situation the place property values in a particular neighborhood respect considerably as a result of new improvement or elevated demand. Reassessment captures this appreciation, leading to greater assessed values and consequently greater property taxes for properties inside that space. Conversely, if market values decline, reassessment displays this downturn, doubtlessly resulting in decrease property taxes. This dynamic relationship between assessed worth and market circumstances underscores the significance of understanding the evaluation course of and its affect on property tax calculations.

Correct and clear property assessments are essential for sustaining a good and equitable property tax system. Challenges can come up from discrepancies in valuations or appeals filed by property homeowners contesting their assessments. Navigating these challenges successfully requires property homeowners to know the evaluation course of, enabling them to have interaction with the Assessor’s Workplace, present supporting documentation if needed, and in the end guarantee correct and equitable taxation. An intensive grasp of the evaluation course of empowers property homeowners to know and handle their tax liabilities successfully inside the Pueblo property tax system.

2. Cost Deadlines

Adhering to cost deadlines is essential for accountable property possession inside Pueblo. Failure to remit funds on time can lead to penalties, curiosity accrual, and potential liens towards the property. Understanding these deadlines and cost choices ensures compliance and avoids potential monetary repercussions.

  • Due Dates and Installment Choices

    Pueblo property taxes are usually due in two installments. The primary installment is due on the final day of February, and the second installment is due on the final day of June. Property homeowners can select to pay the complete quantity in a single cost by the February deadline or divide the cost into two installments. This flexibility accommodates varied budgeting preferences, nevertheless it’s important to recollect each deadlines to keep away from penalties. Late funds accrue curiosity, including to the general tax burden. For instance, lacking the June deadline by even just a few days can lead to further curiosity expenses, growing the full quantity owed.

  • Strategies of Cost

    Numerous cost strategies facilitate handy and well timed remittances. Choices embody on-line funds via the Pueblo County Treasurer’s web site, funds by mail utilizing checks or cash orders, and in-person funds on the Treasurer’s workplace. Every technique has particular procedures and processing occasions. On-line funds supply rapid processing, whereas mailed funds require adequate time for supply and processing to keep away from late charges. In-person funds supply rapid affirmation however require a go to to the Treasurer’s workplace throughout enterprise hours. Selecting the suitable cost technique requires consideration of particular person preferences and deadlines.

  • Penalties for Late Funds

    Failing to satisfy cost deadlines incurs penalties and curiosity expenses. Penalties are usually a proportion of the unpaid tax quantity, growing with the period of delinquency. Accrued curiosity is calculated every day on the excellent stability. These penalties underscore the significance of well timed funds. For instance, a property proprietor with a $2,000 tax invoice who misses the June deadline would possibly incur a penalty of 10% ($200) plus accrued curiosity, considerably growing the full due. Avoiding these further prices requires diligent consideration to cost deadlines and immediate motion.

  • Property Tax Liens

    Continued delinquency can result in the location of a tax lien on the property. A tax lien represents a authorized declare towards the property for the unpaid taxes, penalties, and curiosity. This lien can complicate property gross sales or refinancing and, if unresolved, may in the end result in foreclosures. Understanding the implications of tax liens underscores the crucial nature of adhering to cost deadlines and resolving any excellent tax obligations promptly. The presence of a lien represents a big monetary encumbrance on the property, emphasizing the significance of well timed tax funds to keep up clear possession.

Understanding and adhering to those deadlines and cost procedures is crucial for accountable property possession in Pueblo. Failure to conform can result in escalating prices and potential authorized ramifications, jeopardizing property possession. Diligence in managing property tax obligations safeguards monetary well-being and ensures compliance with the authorized necessities of property possession inside the metropolis.

3. Mill Levy Charges

Mill levy charges are the cornerstone of Pueblo property tax calculations, immediately figuring out the tax burden on property homeowners. Understanding these charges is crucial for comprehending how property taxes are decided and the way they contribute to funding native authorities companies and public initiatives.

  • Definition and Calculation

    A mill levy is a tax charge expressed as {dollars} per $1,000 of assessed property worth. It is calculated by dividing the full income required by the native authorities by the full assessed worth of all properties inside the jurisdiction. As an example, if a municipality wants $10 million and the full assessed property worth is $1 billion, the mill levy can be 10 mills ($10 million / $1 billion * 1,000). This charge is then utilized to every property’s assessed worth to find out the tax owed.

  • Parts of the Mill Levy

    The mill levy includes varied parts, every devoted to funding particular public companies. These parts would possibly embody funding for colleges, fireplace safety, libraries, parks, and different municipal companies. The proportion allotted to every part displays the neighborhood’s priorities and budgetary necessities. For instance, a neighborhood prioritizing schooling would possibly allocate a better proportion of the mill levy to highschool funding in comparison with different companies. Understanding these parts gives perception into how property taxes are distributed and utilized inside the neighborhood.

  • Fluctuations and Influences

    Mill levy charges can fluctuate yearly based mostly on native budgetary wants and adjustments in assessed property values. A rise in required income or a lower in total assessed property values can result in a better mill levy. Conversely, a lower in income wants or a rise in assessed values would possibly end in a decrease mill levy. Exterior components, resembling financial circumstances and legislative adjustments, can even affect mill levy charges. Understanding these components permits property homeowners to anticipate potential adjustments of their tax burden.

  • Affect on Property Taxes

    The mill levy immediately impacts the quantity of property tax owed. A better mill levy ends in a better tax invoice for a given property’s assessed worth. Conversely, a decrease mill levy ends in a decrease tax invoice. This direct relationship underscores the significance of understanding mill levy charges and their affect on property tax liabilities. Property homeowners can use the mill levy to estimate their property taxes and perceive how adjustments within the mill levy would possibly have an effect on their future tax obligations.

Mill levy charges are a crucial ingredient inside the Pueblo property tax system. By understanding how they’re calculated, their parts, and their affect on property taxes, property homeowners can acquire a complete understanding of their tax obligations and the way they contribute to the funding of important native companies inside the Pueblo neighborhood.

4. Exemptions Accessible

Sure property homeowners in Pueblo might qualify for exemptions that scale back their property tax burden. These exemptions, established by state and native laws, intention to supply tax aid for particular teams or property sorts. Eligibility necessities fluctuate relying on the particular exemption. Frequent exemptions embody these for senior residents, disabled veterans, and properties designated for agricultural or non secular use. For instance, a qualifying senior citizen would possibly obtain a discount of their assessed property worth, resulting in a decrease tax invoice. Equally, a property used completely for non secular functions could be fully exempt from property taxes. Understanding accessible exemptions and their eligibility standards is essential for doubtlessly decreasing property tax obligations.

The affect of exemptions on Pueblo property tax income requires cautious consideration. Whereas exemptions present focused tax aid, additionally they scale back the general tax base. This discount necessitates cautious price range planning by native governments to make sure ample funding for public companies. Balancing the advantages of tax aid towards the potential affect on public funding requires ongoing evaluation and adjustment of exemption insurance policies. As an example, if a good portion of properties qualify for exemptions, the native authorities would possibly want to regulate the mill levy or discover various income sources to keep up service ranges. This dynamic interaction between exemptions and public funding underscores the significance of a well-structured and balanced exemption system.

Navigating the exemption software course of requires consciousness of deadlines and documentation necessities. Functions usually require particular types and supporting documentation to confirm eligibility. Lacking deadlines or submitting incomplete functions can lead to denial of the exemption. Sources such because the Pueblo County Assessor’s web site present detailed data on accessible exemptions, eligibility standards, and software procedures. Potential candidates ought to seek the advice of these sources and get in touch with the Assessor’s workplace immediately for steering. Proactive engagement with the exemption course of ensures that eligible property homeowners obtain the tax aid they’re entitled to, optimizing their property tax obligations inside the framework of Pueblo’s tax system.

5. Appeals Process

The appeals process gives a crucial mechanism inside the Pueblo property tax system for property homeowners to contest their assessed valuations. This course of ensures equity and accuracy in property taxation by permitting homeowners to problem assessments they imagine are incorrect or unjust. A number of components would possibly justify an attraction, together with errors in property knowledge, discrepancies in comparable gross sales knowledge used for valuation, or adjustments within the property’s situation affecting its market worth. As an example, if a property’s evaluation displays a bigger sq. footage than its precise measurement, the proprietor can provoke an attraction to rectify the discrepancy. Equally, if the assessed worth fails to account for latest property injury, an attraction gives a recourse for adjusting the valuation accordingly.

Initiating the appeals course of entails particular steps and deadlines. Property homeowners should usually file a proper attraction with the Pueblo County Assessor’s Workplace inside a specified timeframe after receiving their evaluation discover. This attraction ought to embody documentation supporting the declare for reassessment, resembling appraisal reviews, images, or proof of comparable gross sales knowledge. A listening to earlier than the County Board of Equalization might comply with, permitting property homeowners to current their case and supporting proof. The Board’s choice could be additional appealed to the state degree if the proprietor stays unhappy. Understanding these procedures and deadlines is crucial for successfully navigating the appeals course of. Failure to stick to deadlines or present ample documentation can jeopardize the attraction’s success. Subsequently, property homeowners contemplating an attraction ought to seek the advice of sources just like the Pueblo County web site or search skilled steering to make sure compliance with the established procedures.

A well-defined appeals process provides a number of advantages inside the Pueblo property tax system. It safeguards property homeowners’ rights, making certain honest and correct assessments. It promotes transparency and accountability within the evaluation course of. Moreover, a purposeful appeals system contributes to public belief within the property tax system by providing a structured mechanism for resolving disputes. Nonetheless, challenges can come up, resembling backlogs of appeals or complexities within the appeals course of itself, doubtlessly creating delays and frustration for property homeowners. Addressing these challenges requires ongoing efforts to streamline the method, improve accessibility, and guarantee environment friendly decision of appeals. Finally, an efficient and accessible appeals process performs a significant position in sustaining a simply and equitable property tax system inside Pueblo.

6. On-line Sources

On-line sources play a vital position in navigating the complexities of Pueblo property tax. These digital instruments present handy entry to data, companies, and assist, empowering property homeowners to handle their tax obligations successfully and perceive the nuances of the native tax system. Entry to those sources promotes transparency and effectivity inside the property tax course of.

  • Pueblo County Assessor’s Web site

    The official web site of the Pueblo County Assessor’s Workplace serves as a central hub for property tax data. Property homeowners can entry property information, evaluation data, mill levy charges, exemption particulars, and attraction procedures. For instance, a property proprietor can use the web site to view their property’s assessed worth, evaluate it to earlier years’ assessments, and perceive how the mill levy impacts their tax invoice. This accessibility empowers property homeowners with the information essential to handle their tax obligations and interact with the evaluation course of successfully.

  • Pueblo County Treasurer’s Web site

    The Pueblo County Treasurer’s web site facilitates on-line property tax funds and gives data on cost deadlines, accepted cost strategies, and delinquency procedures. Property homeowners can entry their tax payments on-line, make funds electronically, and examine cost historical past. This on-line cost choice provides comfort and ensures well timed remittances, avoiding potential penalties and curiosity expenses. The web site additionally gives contact data for inquiries concerning tax funds and associated issues.

  • On-line Property Tax Estimators

    Numerous on-line instruments supply property tax estimates based mostly on property values and present mill levy charges. Whereas these estimators present approximate figures, they provide a useful start line for understanding potential tax liabilities. Potential homebuyers can make the most of these instruments to estimate property taxes in numerous neighborhoods, aiding in knowledgeable decision-making. Present property homeowners can use these estimators to mission future tax obligations based mostly on potential adjustments in assessed values or mill levy charges.

  • State of Colorado Property Tax Sources

    The State of Colorado’s Division of Native Affairs web site provides sources on property tax legal guidelines, laws, and packages statewide. This useful resource can present useful context and steering on property tax points, together with appeals procedures and accessible exemptions. Understanding state-level laws can assist property homeowners navigate the native tax system inside a broader authorized framework, making certain compliance and consciousness of their rights and duties as property homeowners.

Leveraging these on-line sources empowers property homeowners in Pueblo to have interaction actively with the property tax system. From accessing property information and making on-line funds to understanding evaluation procedures and exploring potential exemptions, these digital instruments improve transparency, effectivity, and knowledgeable decision-making inside the Pueblo property tax panorama. Using these sources promotes accountable property possession and contributes to a extra knowledgeable and engaged neighborhood.

7. Taxpayer Companies

Taxpayer companies play a significant position within the Pueblo property tax system, providing assist and steering to property homeowners navigating the complexities of property taxation. These companies, offered by the Pueblo County Treasurer’s Workplace and different related businesses, intention to facilitate correct and well timed tax funds, deal with taxpayer inquiries, and resolve points associated to property assessments, exemptions, and appeals. The effectiveness of those companies immediately impacts the effectivity and equity of the property tax system. As an example, clear and accessible data concerning cost deadlines, accepted cost strategies, and potential penalties can stop delinquencies and decrease monetary repercussions for taxpayers. Equally, available help with exemption functions ensures that eligible property homeowners obtain the tax aid they’re entitled to, selling fairness inside the system. Steerage on the appeals course of empowers property homeowners to problem assessments they imagine are incorrect, contributing to the accuracy and equity of valuations.

A number of real-life examples illustrate the sensible significance of taxpayer companies inside the Pueblo property tax system. A property proprietor unfamiliar with on-line cost strategies would possibly profit from help navigating the net portal, making certain well timed cost and avoiding penalties. A senior citizen looking for data on accessible property tax exemptions can obtain customized steering via taxpayer companies, facilitating a profitable software and decreasing their tax burden. A property proprietor dealing with difficulties understanding their evaluation discover can contact taxpayer companies for clarification, doubtlessly figuring out errors or discrepancies that warrant an attraction. These examples exhibit how accessible and efficient taxpayer companies contribute to a smoother and extra equitable property tax expertise for residents.

Efficient taxpayer companies contribute considerably to the general well being of the Pueblo property tax system. These companies foster transparency and accountability, improve compliance, and decrease disputes. Challenges can come up, resembling restricted staffing sources, growing demand for companies, or difficulties adapting to evolving technological wants. Addressing these challenges requires ongoing funding in employees coaching, technological upgrades, and streamlined processes. Finally, a well-functioning taxpayer service system promotes public belief, ensures environment friendly income assortment, and contributes to a fairer and extra equitable property tax system in Pueblo. This, in flip, helps the funding of important native companies and strengthens the monetary well-being of the neighborhood.

8. Affect on Budgets

Pueblo property tax income immediately impacts the town’s price range, serving as a major funding supply for important municipal companies. This income stream helps varied public companies, together with public security (police and fireplace departments), infrastructure upkeep (roads, bridges, and parks), public schooling, and neighborhood packages. The quantity collected via property taxes considerably influences the scope and high quality of those companies. A sturdy property tax base permits the town to spend money on enhancements, increase service choices, and reply successfully to neighborhood wants. Conversely, shortfalls in property tax income can result in price range cuts, service reductions, and deferred upkeep, doubtlessly impacting the standard of life for residents.

The connection between property tax income and budgetary allocations reveals a cause-and-effect dynamic. Fluctuations in property values, changes to the mill levy, and adjustments within the variety of exemptions granted can all affect the full income collected. For instance, a decline in property values throughout an financial downturn can result in decreased property tax income, necessitating budgetary changes. Equally, a rise within the variety of profitable property tax appeals can shrink the tax base, requiring the town to re-evaluate spending priorities. Conversely, elevated property values ensuing from new improvement or financial development can bolster property tax income, doubtlessly enabling elevated funding in public companies or infrastructure initiatives. Understanding this cause-and-effect relationship is essential for efficient price range planning and useful resource allocation.

Efficient administration of property tax income is essential for sustaining a fiscally sound municipality. Accountable budgeting practices, correct property valuations, and environment friendly income assortment procedures are important for maximizing the affect of property tax income on public companies. Challenges resembling delinquent tax funds, profitable appeals, and unexpected financial downturns can pressure the price range and necessitate troublesome selections concerning useful resource allocation. Clear and accountable monetary administration practices construct public belief and be certain that property tax income is utilized successfully to satisfy neighborhood wants and improve the standard of life for residents. A transparent understanding of the connection between property tax income and budgetary outcomes is crucial for knowledgeable civic engagement and accountable governance inside the metropolis of Pueblo.

9. Funding Native Companies

Pueblo property tax immediately fuels the availability of important native companies, forming a crucial hyperlink between property possession and neighborhood well-being. This income stream constitutes a considerable portion of the town’s price range, enabling the supply of companies starting from public security and schooling to infrastructure upkeep and neighborhood packages. A direct cause-and-effect relationship exists: the quantity of property tax collected immediately impacts the extent and high quality of companies offered. For instance, ample funding from property taxes permits well-equipped police and fireplace departments, correctly maintained roads and parks, and sturdy academic packages. Conversely, inadequate property tax income can result in service reductions, deferred upkeep, and program cuts, impacting residents’ high quality of life. The significance of this funding mechanism lies in its capability to maintain and improve the neighborhood’s infrastructure, security, and total well-being.

Actual-life examples exhibit the sensible significance of this connection. A well-funded public library system, supported by property tax income, gives residents with entry to academic sources, neighborhood packages, and digital literacy instruments, fostering mental development and neighborhood engagement. Equally, ample funding for highway upkeep ensures secure and environment friendly transportation networks, supporting financial exercise and facilitating residents’ every day commutes. A robustly funded public schooling system, fueled by property taxes, gives youngsters with high quality schooling, making ready them for future success and contributing to a thriving workforce. These examples spotlight the tangible advantages derived from property tax income and its direct affect on the neighborhood’s high quality of life.

Understanding the connection between property taxes and native companies is crucial for accountable civic engagement. Knowledgeable residents can take part actively in price range discussions, advocate for environment friendly useful resource allocation, and maintain native authorities accountable for accountable spending. Challenges, resembling fluctuating property values, growing service calls for, and potential budgetary constraints, require ongoing neighborhood dialogue and adaptive methods to make sure the sustainable funding of significant native companies. A powerful understanding of this connection empowers residents to contribute meaningfully to a thriving neighborhood, fostering a collaborative strategy to addressing native wants and making certain the efficient allocation of sources derived from property taxes.

Incessantly Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning property taxes inside Pueblo, Colorado, offering concise and informative responses.

Query 1: How is the assessed worth of a property decided in Pueblo?

The Pueblo County Assessor’s Workplace determines assessed values based mostly on a property’s market worth, contemplating components like location, measurement, situation, and comparable gross sales knowledge. Periodic reassessments mirror market fluctuations and property enhancements.

Query 2: What are the cost deadlines for Pueblo property taxes?

Funds are usually due in two installments: the final day of February and the final day of June. Full cost could be made by the February deadline. Late funds incur penalties and curiosity.

Query 3: What are the implications of failing to pay property taxes on time?

Delinquent funds end in penalties, curiosity accrual, and potential liens towards the property, doubtlessly resulting in foreclosures if left unresolved.

Query 4: What exemptions can be found, and the way can one apply?

Exemptions can be found for particular teams, resembling senior residents and disabled veterans, and sure property sorts. Eligibility standards and software procedures can be found via the Pueblo County Assessor’s web site and workplace.

Query 5: How can property homeowners attraction their assessed valuations?

Property homeowners can attraction assessments they imagine are inaccurate by submitting a proper attraction with the Pueblo County Assessor’s Workplace inside a specified timeframe, offering supporting documentation and attending a listening to if needed.

Query 6: The place can further data concerning Pueblo property taxes be discovered?

The Pueblo County Assessor’s and Treasurer’s web sites, together with the State of Colorado’s Division of Native Affairs web site, supply complete data on property taxes, together with evaluation procedures, cost choices, exemptions, and appeals processes.

Understanding these key features of Pueblo property tax contributes to accountable property possession and knowledgeable monetary planning. Consulting the accessible sources and contacting the related authorities can present additional clarification and customized help.

For additional particulars and particular inquiries, please seek the advice of the sources outlined above or contact the Pueblo County Assessor’s or Treasurer’s Workplace immediately.

Important Steerage Relating to Property Taxation in Pueblo

This part provides useful suggestions for navigating the complexities of property taxation inside Pueblo, Colorado, selling knowledgeable monetary decision-making and accountable property possession.

Tip 1: Perceive the Evaluation Course of: Familiarization with the evaluation course of, together with how property values are decided and the components influencing valuations, permits for knowledgeable evaluation critiques and potential appeals.

Tip 2: Make the most of On-line Sources: The Pueblo County Assessor’s and Treasurer’s web sites present useful instruments and data, streamlining entry to property information, tax payments, cost choices, and exemption particulars.

Tip 3: Mark Cost Deadlines: Well timed funds keep away from penalties and curiosity. Make the most of calendar reminders or on-line cost scheduling instruments to make sure adherence to deadlines.

Tip 4: Discover Potential Exemptions: Analysis accessible exemptions, resembling these for senior residents or disabled veterans, to find out eligibility and doubtlessly scale back tax burdens. Contact the Assessor’s workplace for steering.

Tip 5: Preserve Correct Property Data: Preserving correct information of property enhancements, renovations, and any adjustments impacting worth can assist correct assessments and facilitate potential appeals.

Tip 6: Contemplate Skilled Value determinations: Impartial value determinations can supply useful assist when contesting assessed valuations, offering documented proof for the appeals course of.

Tip 7: Interact with Taxpayer Companies: The Pueblo County Treasurer’s Workplace gives taxpayer companies to deal with inquiries, supply steering on cost procedures, and supply assist navigating the property tax system.

Tip 8: Monitor Native Finances Discussions: Keep knowledgeable about native price range deliberations and proposed mill levy changes to anticipate potential impacts on future tax liabilities.

Adhering to those suggestions ensures knowledgeable monetary planning, facilitates correct assessments, and promotes accountable property possession inside the Pueblo neighborhood.

The next conclusion synthesizes the important thing features of Pueblo property tax, offering a complete overview for each present and potential property homeowners.

Understanding Pueblo Property Tax

Pueblo property tax constitutes a vital funding mechanism for important metropolis companies, impacting residents’ high quality of life and the general well being of the neighborhood. From public security and infrastructure upkeep to schooling and neighborhood packages, the income generated from property taxes performs a significant position in sustaining and enhancing the town’s capabilities. The system encompasses a fancy interaction of assessments, mill levies, exemptions, and cost procedures, all of which affect the monetary obligations of property homeowners and the allocation of public sources. An intensive understanding of those parts is crucial for accountable property possession and knowledgeable civic engagement inside Pueblo.

Efficient administration of Pueblo property tax requires steady analysis and adaptation. Balancing the necessity for ample income to assist very important companies with the crucial of honest and equitable taxation calls for ongoing dialogue between authorities, property homeowners, and the broader neighborhood. Sustaining a clear and environment friendly system, accessible sources, and responsive taxpayer companies strengthens public belief and ensures the sustainable funding of Pueblo’s important companies, fostering a thriving neighborhood for all residents.