9+ Investable Airbnb Properties for Sale Near Me Now


9+ Investable Airbnb Properties for Sale Near Me Now

The phrase denotes actual property alternatives involving properties at the moment or beforehand utilized as short-term leases via platforms like Airbnb, located inside a geographically handy radius for the potential purchaser. This typically implies a furnished property with established reserving historical past and doubtlessly present administration buildings. For instance, a possible investor may seek for such alternatives in anticipation of producing rental earnings.

Buying properties with established short-term rental operations presents a number of benefits. Preliminary infrastructure is usually in place, decreasing setup prices. Reserving historical past supplies information for income projections. Location specificity is vital, as established leases profit from proximity to vacationer sights or enterprise facilities. The idea has gained traction with the rise of the sharing financial system and the rising recognition of other lodging choices amongst vacationers.

Understanding the nuances of buying these funding properties requires cautious consideration of assorted components. These components embrace native laws, monetary evaluation, and property administration methods. Additional detailed exploration of those points is essential for knowledgeable decision-making.

1. Location Attractiveness

Location attractiveness profoundly influences the viability of a property listed inside the “airbnb on the market close to me” search class. A fascinating location straight impacts occupancy charges, rental earnings, and in the end, the return on funding. Proximity to vacationer sights, enterprise districts, transportation hubs, or pure facilities considerably enhances a property’s attraction to potential renters. Conversely, a location perceived as undesirable, attributable to components like excessive crime charges, lack of accessibility, or unattractive environment, diminishes its potential as a profitable short-term rental. For instance, a beachfront property persistently instructions greater rental charges and occupancy in comparison with an identical property positioned inland.

The significance of location extends past fast environment. Components resembling native occasions, seasonal actions, and the general popularity of the neighborhood additionally contribute. A property positioned close to a preferred annual competition or occasion will probably expertise peak demand and better rental earnings throughout that interval. Equally, a property in a well-maintained and protected neighborhood is mostly most well-liked by vacationers. Due to this fact, due diligence should embody a complete evaluation of not solely the fast neighborhood but in addition the broader regional context.

In abstract, location attractiveness is a vital determinant of success for properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” Understanding and rigorously evaluating location-specific components is important for maximizing occupancy, profitability, and long-term funding worth. Overlooking this facet can result in considerably decrease returns and elevated monetary danger. A propertys inherent traits are secondary to the realm through which it resides.

2. Property Worth Estimation

Correct property worth estimation is paramount when evaluating funding alternatives marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” An inflated valuation results in decreased profitability and potential monetary losses, whereas an underestimated valuation might lead to missed alternatives. A number of components necessitate cautious consideration to find out a propertys true market worth inside the context of short-term rental potential.

  • Comparable Gross sales Evaluation

    This technique includes inspecting current gross sales costs of comparable properties in the identical geographic space. Changes are made for variations in dimension, situation, options, and site. For properties listed as “airbnb on the market close to me,” it is essential to match with different properties additionally used as short-term leases. The income generated from these leases considerably impacts market worth. As an example, a comparable property with a confirmed monitor document of excessive occupancy and rental earnings will command a better value, reflecting its income-generating potential.

  • Earnings Capitalization Method

    This method straight considers the property’s potential earnings stream. It calculates the current worth of future internet working earnings (NOI) utilizing a capitalization charge (cap charge). The cap charge displays the investor’s required charge of return. For properties appropriate for “airbnb on the market close to me,” this implies rigorously projecting rental earnings, subtracting working bills, and deciding on an applicable cap charge primarily based on market circumstances and danger evaluation. Increased potential rental earnings justifies a better property worth.

  • Price Method

    This technique estimates the fee to rebuild the property, much less any accrued depreciation. Whereas much less related for income-producing properties, it units a decrease sure for the property’s worth. It’s significantly vital when contemplating older properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me,” as the price of renovation and upgrades to satisfy trendy traveler expectations have to be factored in. Vital renovation wants would decrease the worth in comparison with a more recent or well-maintained property.

  • Quick-Time period Rental Premium

    Properties already working as profitable short-term leases typically command a premium. This premium displays the present infrastructure, furnishings, established reserving historical past, and constructive on-line evaluations. When evaluating “airbnb on the market close to me,” contemplate the worth of those intangible property. A property with a confirmed monitor document minimizes the preliminary funding and accelerates the trail to profitability. The existence {of professional} property administration additional enhances this premium.

In the end, property worth estimation for alternatives marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me” necessitates a holistic method. Combining these methodologies ensures a extra correct and complete valuation. Overreliance on a single technique will increase the chance of overpaying or underestimating the potential of an funding property inside the dynamic short-term rental market. Due diligence ought to embrace impartial value determinations and consultations with native actual property specialists acquainted with short-term rental tendencies.

3. Regulatory compliance verify

A meticulous regulatory compliance verify varieties an important part of any due diligence course of when contemplating properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” Failure to determine full compliance with native, regional, and doubtlessly nationwide laws can result in vital monetary penalties, operational restrictions, and even compelled cessation of short-term rental actions. The inherent attract of properties appropriate for platforms like Airbnb lies of their income-generating potential, however this potential is completely contingent upon authorized operation. For instance, a seemingly engaging property is perhaps positioned in an space the place short-term leases are both strictly prohibited or topic to stringent allowing necessities, rendering its potential as an earnings supply nonexistent or considerably diminished.

The scope of the compliance verify should lengthen past zoning ordinances to embody constructing codes, well being and security laws, tax obligations, and any house owner affiliation (HOA) guidelines which will apply. Zoning ordinances dictate permissible land makes use of, and lots of municipalities actively regulate or prohibit short-term leases in particular zones. Constructing codes tackle security requirements, resembling hearth security and accessibility, which have to be met to legally function a rental property. Well being and security laws cowl points like correct sanitation and pest management. Tax obligations embrace lodging taxes, gross sales taxes, and earnings taxes, which fluctuate relying on location. HOA guidelines can impose additional restrictions on rental actions, even in areas the place they’re in any other case permitted by native legislation. An actual-world situation includes properties initially bought as short-term rental investments, solely to be subsequently shut down attributable to non-compliance with up to date native ordinances.

In abstract, a radical regulatory compliance verify isn’t merely a precautionary measure; it’s an important determinant of the long-term viability and profitability of properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” Funding selections have to be predicated on a transparent understanding of the authorized panorama. Participating authorized counsel and native regulatory specialists is advisable to navigate the complexities of short-term rental laws. The price of non-compliance far outweighs the expense of conducting thorough due diligence beforehand. Ignorance of related laws isn’t a protection, and the potential for extreme monetary repercussions makes a complete compliance verify indispensable.

4. Occupancy charge projection

Occupancy charge projection holds paramount significance when evaluating properties listed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” It straight impacts income forecasts and funding viability. An inflated occupancy charge projection results in unrealistic monetary expectations, whereas a conservative projection might underestimate a property’s true potential. This projection requires contemplating seasonality, native occasions, property facilities, aggressive panorama, and historic efficiency information, if out there. As an example, a coastal property might expertise greater occupancy throughout summer time months, necessitating changes in income forecasts all year long. Failure to precisely venture occupancy charges jeopardizes the precision of economic fashions used to find out property worth and return on funding.

A number of methodologies contribute to knowledgeable occupancy charge projections. Analyzing historic reserving information from comparable properties within the neighborhood gives insights into market demand. Monitoring competitor occupancy charges supplies benchmarks for evaluating the topic property’s potential. Consulting with native property managers and actual property specialists supplies useful views on market tendencies and differences due to the season. Moreover, assessing on-line evaluations and visitor suggestions for comparable properties reveals components that affect occupancy. For instance, constructive evaluations highlighting distinctive cleanliness or distinctive facilities typically correlate with greater occupancy charges. A complete method integrating these information factors enhances the accuracy of occupancy charge projections and mitigates monetary danger related to short-term rental investments. Take into account a ski resort property: correct occupancy projections should account for snow circumstances and vacation durations.

In the end, occupancy charge projection serves as a cornerstone in assessing the monetary feasibility of properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” Its accuracy dictates the reliability of income forecasts and informs vital funding selections. Whereas challenges exist in predicting future occupancy charges, adopting a data-driven method and incorporating numerous views minimizes the chance of inaccurate projections. This diligent method strengthens the buyers place by enabling well-informed and financially sound selections within the short-term rental market. Constant monitoring and adjustment of occupancy projections, primarily based on precise efficiency, additional improve funding administration.

5. Monetary efficiency evaluation

Monetary efficiency evaluation is a vital part in evaluating the viability of any property marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” This evaluation determines whether or not a property can generate enough income to cowl working bills, debt service, and supply an appropriate return on funding. It isn’t enough to merely assess the asking value; a complete evaluate of historic information and projected financials is critical.

  • Income Technology Evaluation

    An intensive income technology evaluation requires analyzing historic occupancy charges, common each day charges (ADR), and seasonality tendencies. For “airbnb on the market close to me” properties, this includes scrutinizing previous reserving information, platform analytics, and competitor pricing methods. Correct income projections should account for native market fluctuations, potential regulatory modifications, and any deliberate property enhancements. An instance could be a property with a robust historical past of constant bookings throughout peak season, permitting for greater ADR, contrasting with durations of low demand requiring adjusted pricing methods.

  • Working Expense Analysis

    Working bills embody all prices related to working the short-term rental. This contains utilities, property administration charges, cleansing companies, upkeep prices, insurance coverage premiums, and property taxes. For “airbnb on the market close to me,” these bills can fluctuate considerably relying on the extent of service supplied. As an example, a property managed remotely may incur greater property administration charges, whereas a self-managed property would require the proprietor to dedicate vital time to operational duties. An in depth breakdown of working bills is important for precisely calculating internet working earnings (NOI).

  • Money Circulate Evaluation

    Money movement evaluation evaluates the precise money inflows and outflows related to the property. This contains rental earnings, working bills, debt service (if relevant), and capital expenditures. For “airbnb on the market close to me,” money movement evaluation should contemplate the timing of rental earnings and bills, in addition to potential vacancies or surprising repairs. Constructive money movement signifies the property can generate enough earnings to cowl its obligations and supply a return to the investor. A detrimental money movement scenario necessitates both improved income technology or diminished working bills to take care of monetary viability.

  • Return on Funding (ROI) Calculation

    ROI supplies a quantifiable measure of the profitability of the funding. It compares the web revenue generated by the property to the whole funding price. For “airbnb on the market close to me,” ROI calculations ought to account for each the preliminary buy value and any subsequent capital enhancements. The next ROI signifies a extra worthwhile funding. Benchmarking the ROI towards different funding alternatives helps assess the relative attractiveness of the “airbnb on the market close to me” property. Nonetheless, ROI is just one metric; it have to be thought of alongside money movement, danger components, and potential appreciation.

These aspects collectively present a complete monetary overview of properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” An intensive monetary efficiency evaluation informs sound funding selections by quantifying the potential dangers and rewards related to every property. By rigorously analyzing income technology, working bills, money movement, and ROI, potential buyers could make knowledgeable selections that maximize their returns and reduce their publicity to monetary losses.

6. Administration effectivity audit

A administration effectivity audit constitutes a vital analysis part for properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” The effectiveness of property administration straight influences profitability, visitor satisfaction, and general funding returns. A poorly managed short-term rental property, regardless of its location or bodily attributes, can undergo from low occupancy charges, detrimental evaluations, and escalating working prices. A administration effectivity audit identifies areas of energy and weak spot inside the operational framework, permitting potential patrons to evaluate the true potential of the funding. As an example, an audit might reveal that top cleansing charges are negatively impacting bookings or that delayed upkeep requests are resulting in dissatisfied visitors. Such inefficiencies, if unaddressed, diminish the worth of the property and hinder its skill to generate optimum income. Conversely, a well-managed property demonstrates streamlined processes, happy visitors, and constant monetary efficiency, all contributing to elevated funding attraction.

The scope of a administration effectivity audit extends past primary monetary metrics. It encompasses numerous points of property operations, together with reserving administration, visitor communication, cleansing and upkeep protocols, pricing methods, and advertising efforts. An audit ought to scrutinize the property administration system (PMS) used to deal with bookings and visitor inquiries. It ought to assess the responsiveness and professionalism of communication channels. The standard and consistency of cleansing and upkeep companies have to be evaluated. Pricing methods needs to be analyzed to find out whether or not they’re optimized for market demand and competitor pricing. Advertising and marketing efforts needs to be assessed primarily based on their attain and effectiveness in attracting potential visitors. For instance, an audit might uncover {that a} property depends solely on the Airbnb platform for bookings, neglecting different channels like VRBO or direct reserving web sites. This restricted publicity restricts the property’s potential attain and reduces occupancy charges.

In conclusion, a administration effectivity audit supplies invaluable insights into the operational well being and profitability potential of properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” Addressing any recognized inefficiencies proactively ensures that the funding realizes its full potential. The audit’s findings ought to inform the acquisition value negotiation and information future administration selections. Overlooking this vital evaluation might result in buying a property with hidden operational flaws, leading to diminished returns and elevated monetary burdens. Due to this fact, a complete administration effectivity audit isn’t merely a due diligence step; it’s an important funding within the long-term success of the short-term rental enterprise.

7. Future appreciation potential

Future appreciation potential is a key issue when contemplating properties marketed as “airbnb on the market close to me,” representing the anticipated improve in property worth over time. This potential straight impacts the general return on funding and long-term monetary beneficial properties, influencing buying selections and funding methods.

  • Location Improvement and Infrastructure

    Areas present process vital growth, infrastructure enhancements, or revitalization efforts typically exhibit greater appreciation potential. New transportation hyperlinks, business developments, or public facilities improve the attractiveness of a location, driving up property values. For “airbnb on the market close to me” listings, proximity to those developments can translate into elevated demand and better rental earnings, additional boosting appreciation potential. Instance: A property close to a newly constructed conference heart is more likely to recognize attributable to elevated enterprise traveler demand.

  • Market Traits and Financial Development

    Broader financial tendencies and regional market dynamics considerably affect property values. A robust native financial system, job development, and inhabitants improve sometimes result in greater demand for housing, together with short-term leases. For “airbnb on the market close to me,” monitoring these tendencies is essential to determine markets with favorable appreciation prospects. Instance: A metropolis experiencing a tech trade growth might even see elevated demand for short-term leases from visiting professionals, driving up property values.

  • Property Enhancements and Worth-Added Options

    Enhancements and upgrades to the property itself can contribute to future appreciation. Renovations, additions, or the incorporation of fascinating facilities improve the property’s attraction and market worth. For “airbnb on the market close to me,” options like good house expertise, up to date kitchens, or outside leisure areas can entice higher-paying visitors and improve rental earnings, thereby rising the worth. Instance: Including a non-public pool to a trip rental can considerably improve its attraction and market worth.

  • Regulatory Atmosphere and Zoning Modifications

    Modifications in native laws or zoning ordinances can considerably affect property values. Favorable zoning modifications that allow or encourage short-term leases can improve the worth of properties appropriate for “airbnb on the market close to me.” Conversely, stricter laws or outright bans can negatively affect property values. Instance: A metropolis easing restrictions on short-term leases in sure areas can result in a rise in property values in these zones.

These aspects emphasize that assessing future appreciation potential is significant when contemplating properties listed underneath “airbnb on the market close to me.” Whereas rental earnings supplies fast returns, long-term monetary success hinges on the property’s skill to understand in worth. Due to this fact, a radical analysis of location dynamics, market tendencies, property enhancements, and the regulatory setting is important for making knowledgeable funding selections and maximizing long-term profitability.

8. Market competitors evaluation

An intensive market competitors evaluation is indispensable when evaluating properties listed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” This evaluation supplies vital insights into the present provide of short-term leases, their pricing methods, facilities, and general efficiency. Ignoring this facet can result in overestimation of income potential and diminished return on funding.

  • Figuring out Competing Properties

    The preliminary step includes figuring out all properties that straight compete with the topic property inside an outlined geographic space. These rivals provide comparable lodging to the identical goal market. Instruments out there on Airbnb and different platforms facilitate this identification. Analyzing components like property kind, dimension, variety of bedrooms, and proximity to key sights is critical. As an example, a two-bedroom residence focusing on households competes with different comparable residences, not with massive villas catering to bigger teams.

  • Analyzing Pricing Methods

    Competitor pricing methods straight affect the potential income of a property listed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” Analyzing common each day charges (ADR), seasonal pricing fluctuations, and promotional gives reveals market benchmarks and optimum pricing methods. Properties considerably deviating from these benchmarks might battle to draw bookings. Actual-world examples embrace properties close to seasonal occasions that command greater costs throughout these durations, necessitating dynamic pricing changes.

  • Evaluating Facilities and Options

    The facilities and options supplied by competing properties affect their attraction to potential visitors. Components resembling swimming swimming pools, sizzling tubs, high-speed web, totally outfitted kitchens, and pet-friendly insurance policies can differentiate properties and justify greater costs. An evaluation ought to determine gaps within the facilities supplied by the topic property in comparison with its rivals, highlighting potential areas for enchancment. For instance, a property missing high-speed web is perhaps at an obstacle in attracting enterprise vacationers in comparison with these providing it.

  • Assessing On-line Evaluations and Rankings

    On-line evaluations and scores present useful insights into visitor satisfaction and the general high quality of competing properties. Analyzing these evaluations reveals strengths and weaknesses of rivals, influencing reserving selections. Constantly constructive evaluations point out high-quality service and well-maintained properties, whereas detrimental evaluations spotlight areas for enchancment. Properties with considerably decrease scores might battle to draw bookings, impacting income potential. As an example, persistently detrimental evaluations concerning cleanliness or upkeep can deter potential visitors, even when the property is competitively priced.

Market competitors evaluation facilitates a well-informed analysis of properties listed as “airbnb on the market close to me.” Understanding the aggressive panorama, pricing dynamics, amenity choices, and visitor satisfaction ranges allows potential patrons to precisely venture income, determine alternatives for differentiation, and make sound funding selections. Overlooking this vital step can result in unrealistic expectations and diminished returns within the dynamic short-term rental market. Efficient aggressive evaluation additionally includes frequently monitoring tendencies and competitor actions.

9. Due diligence completion

Due diligence completion, when utilized to “airbnb on the market close to me,” represents a radical investigation and verification course of vital for mitigating dangers and maximizing funding potential. The connection between the 2 is causal: incomplete due diligence straight will increase the chance of unexpected monetary or operational challenges after acquisition. The aim of this course of is to validate all materials data concerning the property, its incomes potential, and authorized standing earlier than finalizing the acquisition. For instance, failing to confirm zoning laws earlier than buying a property marketed for short-term leases might lead to authorized restrictions that considerably scale back its income-generating capabilities. Correct information and data validate all materials data concerning the property.

Sensible software of due diligence on this context includes a number of phases. These embrace a complete authorized evaluate to make sure compliance with native ordinances and laws associated to short-term leases; a monetary audit to confirm earnings and expense claims; a bodily inspection to evaluate the property’s situation and determine potential restore prices; and a market evaluation to guage the aggressive panorama and decide lifelike occupancy charges. Moreover, verifying the accuracy of historic reserving information, reviewing visitor suggestions, and assessing the property administration system in place are important for figuring out the long-term viability of the funding. One other consideration contains analyzing insurance coverage legal responsibility and associated prices primarily based on visitor accidents and different incidents.

In conclusion, due diligence completion isn’t merely a procedural step; it varieties the inspiration for knowledgeable funding selections associated to “airbnb on the market close to me.” Thorough execution of this course of allows potential patrons to know the dangers and rewards precisely, resulting in profitable acquisition and administration of short-term rental properties. The challenges embrace navigating advanced authorized frameworks, decoding monetary information, and assessing future market tendencies. Nonetheless, the dangers of continuing with out ample due diligence considerably outweigh the trouble and expense concerned in its completion.

Often Requested Questions

The next addresses widespread inquiries concerning actual property alternatives marketed with this particular phrase.

Query 1: What particular laws govern properties listed underneath the “airbnb on the market close to me” search time period?

Native zoning legal guidelines, house owner affiliation guidelines, and short-term rental ordinances dictate permissible utilization. Rules fluctuate considerably by municipality; due to this fact, investigation of location-specific legal guidelines is paramount.

Query 2: How does one precisely assess the incomes potential of a property listed as “airbnb on the market close to me?”

Consider historic reserving information, occupancy charges, common each day charges, and competitor pricing methods. Consider seasonality, native occasions, and property facilities. Skilled income administration session is advisable.

Query 3: What are important due diligence steps earlier than buying an funding alternative?

Confirm zoning compliance, conduct a property inspection, assess monetary efficiency, and consider the aggressive panorama. Safe authorized and monetary counsel to navigate complexities.

Query 4: What are the potential dangers related to investing in properties marketed with this particular description?

Modifications in native laws, financial downturns, elevated competitors, and unexpected upkeep bills pose potential dangers. Satisfactory insurance coverage protection and contingency planning are important.

Query 5: How does property administration affect the profitability of those short-term rental properties?

Efficient property administration optimizes occupancy charges, enhances visitor satisfaction, and controls working prices. Inefficient administration can result in decreased income and elevated bills.

Query 6: What’s the significance of location when evaluating these prospects?

Proximity to vacationer sights, enterprise districts, transportation hubs, and native facilities considerably impacts occupancy charges and rental earnings. Location attractiveness is a main determinant of funding success.

Understanding these points assists in knowledgeable decision-making, mitigating dangers, and maximizing returns on funding.

Transitioning into subsequent discussions will additional elaborate on strategic approaches for profitable property administration.

Essential Suggestions for Evaluating “airbnb on the market close to me”

Efficiently navigating alternatives requires a strategic method grounded in thorough analysis and due diligence. The next suggestions improve decision-making when evaluating potential investments marketed as short-term rental properties.

Tip 1: Prioritize Regulatory Scrutiny: Municipal laws governing short-term leases are topic to vary. Confirm the present authorized framework to keep away from operational disruptions. Ignorance of native ordinances isn’t a viable protection towards fines or cease-and-desist orders. Seek the advice of authorized counsel specializing in actual property legislation for exact steerage.

Tip 2: Conduct a Complete Monetary Audit: Scrutinize historic income and expense information with skepticism. Confirm all monetary claims with impartial documentation. Don’t solely depend on seller-provided projections; carry out impartial monetary modeling primarily based on lifelike occupancy charges and working bills.

Tip 3: Diligently Assess Property Situation: An intensive property inspection, carried out by a professional skilled, is important. Determine potential upkeep points, structural deficiencies, and code violations. Consider restore prices when figuring out the property’s true worth. Deferred upkeep can shortly erode profitability.

Tip 4: Rigorously Analyze Market Competitors: Conduct an in depth aggressive evaluation, inspecting pricing methods, facilities, and visitor evaluations of comparable properties. Determine market gaps and alternatives for differentiation. A property missing key facilities might battle to compete successfully.

Tip 5: Consider Administration Effectivity: Assess the effectiveness of present property administration methods. Consider visitor communication protocols, cleansing and upkeep procedures, and pricing optimization methods. Inefficient administration can negatively affect occupancy charges and visitor satisfaction.

Tip 6: Challenge Reasonable Occupancy Charges: Base occupancy charge projections on historic information, market tendencies, and differences due to the season. Keep away from inflated projections primarily based on unrealistic assumptions. A conservative method to occupancy charge forecasting mitigates monetary dangers.

Tip 7: Calculate Return on Funding (ROI) Precisely: Precisely calculate ROI by factoring in all bills, together with mortgage funds, property taxes, insurance coverage, and upkeep prices. A low ROI might point out a much less engaging funding alternative.

Implementing the following pointers equips potential patrons with the data and sources essential to make knowledgeable selections, mitigate dangers, and maximize the potential return on funding.

In the end, the end result of those efforts paves the way in which for prudent decision-making and long-term monetary success within the dynamic world of short-term rental investments.

Navigating “airbnb on the market close to me”

The previous discourse has detailed vital points for evaluating properties marketed underneath the descriptor “airbnb on the market close to me.” It has emphasised due diligence, regulatory compliance, monetary evaluation, market evaluation, and operational effectivity. These issues are very important for knowledgeable funding selections. Properties warrant meticulous scrutiny earlier than acquisition to mitigate potential dangers and maximize return.

Potential buyers are inspired to use these ideas rigorously. The way forward for short-term rental investments hinges on prudent decision-making. Continued vigilance, knowledgeable evaluation, and adherence to greatest practices are important for navigating the evolving panorama of actual property alternatives. Success calls for a complete, data-driven method.